Finnish Base Profiles
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Finnish Base Profiles - Local Development build (v1.0.1-cibuild) built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) Build Tools. See the Directory of published versions

Resource Profile: FiBasePatient - Detailed Descriptions

Draft as of 2024-09-08

Definitions for the fi-base-patient resource profile.

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

0. Patient
2. Patient.meta
4. Patient.meta.security
ShortInformation about TURVAKIELTO SHALL be handled in meta.security.
SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.meta.security. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
  • value @ system
  • 6. Patient.meta.security:turvakielto
    Slice Nameturvakielto
    Control0..1
    8. Patient.meta.security:turvakielto.system
    Control1..?
    Pattern Valuehttps://hl7.fi/fhir/finnish-base-profiles/CodeSystem/fi-base-security-label-cs
    10. Patient.extension
    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
    • value @ url
    • 12. Patient.extension:municipality
      Slice Namemunicipality
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Municipality Code) (Extension Type: Coding)
      14. Patient.extension:interpreterRequired
      Slice NameinterpreterRequired
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Patient Interpreter Required) (Extension Type: boolean)
      16. Patient.extension:patientProfession
      Slice NamepatientProfession
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Patient Profession Extension) (Extension Type: Coding)
      18. Patient.identifier
      Definition

      When using the official Finnish personal identifier code (PIC, also known as HETU), identifier.system SHALL be urn:oid:1.2.246.21.

      ShortPIC (aka HETU).
      NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
      SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
      • value @ use
      • 20. Patient.identifier:PIC
        Slice NamePIC
        NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
        Control0..1
        22. Patient.identifier:PIC.use
        Control1..?
        Pattern Valueofficial
        24. Patient.identifier:PIC.type
        26. Patient.identifier:PIC.type.coding
        28. Patient.identifier:PIC.type.coding.system
        Pattern Valuehttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v2-0203
        30. Patient.identifier:PIC.type.coding.code
        Pattern ValueNNFIN
        32. Patient.identifier:PIC.system
        Pattern Valueurn:oid:1.2.246.21
        34. Patient.generalPractitioner
        TypeReference(FI Base Organization, FI Base Practitioner, FI Base PractitionerRole)
        36. Patient.managingOrganization
        TypeReference(FI Base Organization)
        38. Patient.link
        40. Patient.link.other
        TypeReference(FI Base Patient, RelatedPerson)

        Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

        0. Patient
        Definition

        Demographics and other administrative information about an individual or animal receiving care or other health-related services.

        ShortInformation about an individual or animal receiving health care services
        Control0..*
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Alternate NamesSubjectOfCare Client Resident
        Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
        dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
        dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
        dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
        dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
        2. Patient.implicitRules
        Definition

        A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

        ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
        Comments

        Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

        Control0..1
        Typeuri
        Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Summarytrue
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        4. Patient.extension
        Definition

        An Extension


        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

        ShortExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
        Comments

        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

        Control0..*
        TypeExtension
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Alternate Namesextensions, user content
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
        • value @ url
        • 6. Patient.extension:municipality
          Slice Namemunicipality
          Definition

          Extension for home municipality. Home municipality is relevant for ex. in billing and listing available healthcare services, and for statistical purposes. It it not necessarily the place where a patient lives, rather closer to where they pay their taxes.

          ShortThe home municipality of the patient (not necessarily where they live).
          Control0..1
          This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
          TypeExtension(Municipality Code) (Extension Type: Coding)
          Is Modifierfalse
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          8. Patient.extension:interpreterRequired
          Slice NameinterpreterRequired
          Definition

          This Patient requires an interpreter to communicate healthcare information to the practitioner.

          ShortWhether the patient needs an interpreter
          Comments

          The Patient does not speak the default language of the organization, and hence requires an interpreter. If the patient has other languages in the Communications list, then that would be the type of interpreter required.

          Control0..1
          TypeExtension(Patient Interpreter Required) (Extension Type: boolean)
          Is Modifierfalse
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          10. Patient.extension:patientProfession
          Slice NamepatientProfession
          Definition

          Extension for presenting patient profession.

          ShortPatient Profession
          Control0..1
          This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
          TypeExtension(Patient Profession Extension) (Extension Type: Coding)
          Is Modifierfalse
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          12. Patient.modifierExtension
          Definition

          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

          Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

          ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
          Comments

          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

          Control0..*
          TypeExtension
          Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
          Summaryfalse
          Requirements

          Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

          Alternate Namesextensions, user content
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          14. Patient.identifier
          Definition

          When using the official Finnish personal identifier code (PIC, also known as HETU), identifier.system SHALL be urn:oid:1.2.246.21.


          An identifier for this patient.

          ShortPIC (aka HETU).An identifier for this patient
          NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
          Control10..*
          TypeIdentifier
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supporttrue
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ipa-pat-1: At least one of Patient.identifier.system or Patient.identifier.type or Patient.identifier.assigner SHALL be present (system.exists() or type.exists() or assigner.exists())
          SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
          • value @ use
          • 16. Patient.identifier.use
            Definition

            The purpose of this identifier.

            Shortusual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known)
            Comments

            Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary.

            Control0..1
            BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from IdentifierUsehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1
            (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1)

            Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .

            Typecode
            Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary id for a permanent one.
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            18. Patient.identifier.value
            Definition

            The portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system.

            ShortThe value that is unique within the system.
            Comments

            If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.

            Control10..1
            Typestring
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Must Supporttrue
            Summarytrue
            Example<br/><b>General</b>:123456
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            20. Patient.identifier:PIC
            Slice NamePIC
            Definition

            An identifier for this patient.

            ShortAn identifier for this patient
            NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
            Control0..1*
            TypeIdentifier
            Is Modifierfalse
            Must Supporttrue
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ipa-pat-1: At least one of Patient.identifier.system or Patient.identifier.type or Patient.identifier.assigner SHALL be present (system.exists() or type.exists() or assigner.exists())
            22. Patient.identifier:PIC.use
            Definition

            The purpose of this identifier.

            Shortusual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known)
            Comments

            Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary.

            Control10..1
            BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from IdentifierUsehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1
            (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1)

            Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .

            Typecode
            Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary id for a permanent one.
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers.

            Pattern Valueofficial
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            24. Patient.identifier:PIC.system
            Definition

            Establishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique.

            ShortThe namespace for the identifier value
            Comments

            Identifier.system is always case sensitive.

            Control0..1
            Typeuri
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers.

            Pattern Valueurn:oid:1.2.246.21
            Example<br/><b>General</b>:http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            26. Patient.identifier:PIC.value
            Definition

            The portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system.

            ShortThe value that is unique within the system.
            Comments

            If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.

            Control10..1
            Typestring
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Must Supporttrue
            Summarytrue
            Example<br/><b>General</b>:123456
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            28. Patient.active
            Definition

            Whether this patient record is in active use. Many systems use this property to mark as non-current patients, such as those that have not been seen for a period of time based on an organization's business rules.

            It is often used to filter patient lists to exclude inactive patients

            Deceased patients may also be marked as inactive for the same reasons, but may be active for some time after death.

            ShortWhether this patient's record is in active use
            Comments

            If a record is inactive, and linked to an active record, then future patient/record updates should occur on the other patient.

            Control0..1
            Typeboolean
            Is Modifiertrue because This element is labelled as a modifier because it is a status element that can indicate that a record should not be treated as valid
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Must Supporttrue
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Need to be able to mark a patient record as not to be used because it was created in error.

            Meaning if MissingThis resource is generally assumed to be active if no value is provided for the active element
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ipa-pat-4: If Patient.link is present, then Patient.active SHALL be present (link.exists() implies active.exists())
            30. Patient.name
            Definition

            A name associated with the individual.

            ShortA name associated with the patient
            Comments

            A patient may have multiple names with different uses or applicable periods. For animals, the name is a "HumanName" in the sense that is assigned and used by humans and has the same patterns.

            Control0..*
            TypeHumanName
            Is Modifierfalse
            Must Supporttrue
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ipa-pat-2: Either Patient.name.given and/or Patient.name.family and/or Patient.name.text SHALL be present or a Data Absent Reason Extension SHALL be present. ((family.exists() or given.exists() or text.exists()) xor extension.where(url='http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').exists())
            ipa-pat-3: To be usable for a wide range of internationally available applications, the Patient.name.text SHOULD be present. (text.exists())
            32. Patient.gender
            Definition

            Administrative Gender - the gender that the patient is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

            Shortmale | female | other | unknown
            Comments

            The gender might not match the biological sex as determined by genetics or the individual's preferred identification. Note that for both humans and particularly animals, there are other legitimate possibilities than male and female, though the vast majority of systems and contexts only support male and female. Systems providing decision support or enforcing business rules should ideally do this on the basis of Observations dealing with the specific sex or gender aspect of interest (anatomical, chromosomal, social, etc.) However, because these observations are infrequently recorded, defaulting to the administrative gender is common practice. Where such defaulting occurs, rule enforcement should allow for the variation between administrative and biological, chromosomal and other gender aspects. For example, an alert about a hysterectomy on a male should be handled as a warning or overridable error, not a "hard" error. See the Patient Gender and Sex section for additional information about communicating patient gender and sex.

            Control0..1
            BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGenderhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1
            (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1)

            The gender of a person used for administrative purposes.

            Typecode
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Must Supporttrue
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Needed for identification of the individual, in combination with (at least) name and birth date.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            34. Patient.birthDate
            Definition

            The date of birth for the individual.

            ShortThe date of birth for the individual
            Comments

            At least an estimated year should be provided as a guess if the real DOB is unknown There is a standard extension "patient-birthTime" available that should be used where Time is required (such as in maternity/infant care systems).

            Control0..1
            Typedate
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Must Supporttrue
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Age of the individual drives many clinical processes.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            LOINC Code21112-8
            36. Patient.deceased[x]
            Definition

            Indicates if the individual is deceased or not.

            ShortIndicates if the individual is deceased or not
            Comments

            If there's no value in the instance, it means there is no statement on whether or not the individual is deceased. Most systems will interpret the absence of a value as a sign of the person being alive.

            Control0..1
            TypeChoice of: boolean, dateTime
            [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
            Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because once a patient is marked as deceased, the actions that are appropriate to perform on the patient may be significantly different.
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            The fact that a patient is deceased influences the clinical process. Also, in human communication and relation management it is necessary to know whether the person is alive.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            38. Patient.generalPractitioner
            Definition

            Patient's nominated care provider.

            ShortPatient's nominated primary care provider
            Comments

            This may be the primary care provider (in a GP context), or it may be a patient nominated care manager in a community/disability setting, or even organization that will provide people to perform the care provider roles. It is not to be used to record Care Teams, these should be in a CareTeam resource that may be linked to the CarePlan or EpisodeOfCare resources. Multiple GPs may be recorded against the patient for various reasons, such as a student that has his home GP listed along with the GP at university during the school semesters, or a "fly-in/fly-out" worker that has the onsite GP also included with his home GP to remain aware of medical issues.

            Jurisdictions may decide that they can profile this down to 1 if desired, or 1 per type.

            Control0..*
            TypeReference(FI Base Organization, FI Base Practitioner, FI Base PractitionerRole, Organization, Practitioner, PractitionerRole)
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Alternate NamescareProvider
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            40. Patient.managingOrganization
            Definition

            Organization that is the custodian of the patient record.

            ShortOrganization that is the custodian of the patient record
            Comments

            There is only one managing organization for a specific patient record. Other organizations will have their own Patient record, and may use the Link property to join the records together (or a Person resource which can include confidence ratings for the association).

            Control0..1
            TypeReference(FI Base Organization, Organization)
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Need to know who recognizes this patient record, manages and updates it.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            42. Patient.link
            Definition

            Link to another patient resource that concerns the same actual patient.

            ShortLink to another patient resource that concerns the same actual person
            Comments

            There is no assumption that linked patient records have mutual links.

            Control0..*
            This element is affected by the following invariants: ipa-pat-4
            TypeBackboneElement
            Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because it might not be the main Patient resource, and the referenced patient should be used instead of this Patient record. This is when the link.type value is 'replaced-by'
            Must Supporttrue
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            There are multiple use cases:

            • Duplicate patient records due to the clerical errors associated with the difficulties of identifying humans consistently, and
            • Distribution of patient information across multiple servers.
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            44. Patient.link.modifierExtension
            Definition

            May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

            Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

            ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
            Comments

            There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

            Control0..*
            TypeExtension
            Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

            Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            46. Patient.link.other
            Definition

            The other patient resource that the link refers to.

            ShortThe other patient or related person resource that the link refers to
            Comments

            Referencing a RelatedPerson here removes the need to use a Person record to associate a Patient and RelatedPerson as the same individual.

            Control1..1
            TypeReference(FI Base Patient, RelatedPerson, Patient)
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summarytrue
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            48. Patient.link.type
            Definition

            The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

            Shortreplaced-by | replaces | refer | seealso
            Control1..1
            BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from LinkTypehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|4.0.1
            (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|4.0.1)

            The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

            Typecode
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summarytrue
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))

            Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

            0. Patient
            Definition

            Demographics and other administrative information about an individual or animal receiving care or other health-related services.

            ShortInformation about an individual or animal receiving health care services
            Control0..*
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Alternate NamesSubjectOfCare Client Resident
            Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
            dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
            dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
            dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
            dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
            2. Patient.id
            Definition

            The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes.

            ShortLogical id of this artifact
            Comments

            The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation.

            Control0..1
            Typeid
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summarytrue
            4. Patient.meta
            Definition

            The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.

            ShortMetadata about the resource
            Control0..1
            TypeMeta
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summarytrue
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            6. Patient.meta.id
            Definition

            Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

            ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
            Control0..1
            Typestring
            Is Modifierfalse
            XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
            Summaryfalse
            8. Patient.meta.extension
            Definition

            May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

            ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
            Comments

            There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

            Control0..*
            TypeExtension
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Alternate Namesextensions, user content
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.meta.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
            • value @ url
            • 10. Patient.meta.versionId
              Definition

              The version specific identifier, as it appears in the version portion of the URL. This value changes when the resource is created, updated, or deleted.

              ShortVersion specific identifier
              Comments

              The server assigns this value, and ignores what the client specifies, except in the case that the server is imposing version integrity on updates/deletes.

              Control0..1
              Typeid
              Is Modifierfalse
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              Summarytrue
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              12. Patient.meta.lastUpdated
              Definition

              When the resource last changed - e.g. when the version changed.

              ShortWhen the resource version last changed
              Comments

              This value is always populated except when the resource is first being created. The server / resource manager sets this value; what a client provides is irrelevant. This is equivalent to the HTTP Last-Modified and SHOULD have the same value on a read interaction.

              Control0..1
              Typeinstant
              Is Modifierfalse
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              Summarytrue
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              14. Patient.meta.source
              Definition

              A uri that identifies the source system of the resource. This provides a minimal amount of Provenance information that can be used to track or differentiate the source of information in the resource. The source may identify another FHIR server, document, message, database, etc.

              ShortIdentifies where the resource comes from
              Comments

              In the provenance resource, this corresponds to Provenance.entity.what[x]. The exact use of the source (and the implied Provenance.entity.role) is left to implementer discretion. Only one nominated source is allowed; for additional provenance details, a full Provenance resource should be used.

              This element can be used to indicate where the current master source of a resource that has a canonical URL if the resource is no longer hosted at the canonical URL.

              Control0..1
              Typeuri
              Is Modifierfalse
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              Summarytrue
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              16. Patient.meta.profile
              Definition

              A list of profiles (references to StructureDefinition resources) that this resource claims to conform to. The URL is a reference to StructureDefinition.url.

              ShortProfiles this resource claims to conform to
              Comments

              It is up to the server and/or other infrastructure of policy to determine whether/how these claims are verified and/or updated over time. The list of profile URLs is a set.

              Control0..*
              Typecanonical(StructureDefinition)
              Is Modifierfalse
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              Summarytrue
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              18. Patient.meta.security
              Definition

              Security labels applied to this resource. These tags connect specific resources to the overall security policy and infrastructure.

              ShortInformation about TURVAKIELTO SHALL be handled in meta.security.
              Comments

              The security labels can be updated without changing the stated version of the resource. The list of security labels is a set. Uniqueness is based the system/code, and version and display are ignored.

              Control0..*
              BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from All Security Labels
              (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/security-labels)

              Security Labels from the Healthcare Privacy and Security Classification System.

              TypeCoding
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summarytrue
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.meta.security. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
              • value @ system
              • 20. Patient.meta.security:turvakielto
                Slice Nameturvakielto
                Definition

                Security labels applied to this resource. These tags connect specific resources to the overall security policy and infrastructure.

                ShortSecurity Labels applied to this resource
                Comments

                The security labels can be updated without changing the stated version of the resource. The list of security labels is a set. Uniqueness is based the system/code, and version and display are ignored.

                Control0..1
                BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from All Security Labels
                (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/security-labels)

                Security Labels from the Healthcare Privacy and Security Classification System.

                TypeCoding
                Is Modifierfalse
                Summarytrue
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                22. Patient.meta.security:turvakielto.id
                Definition

                Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                Control0..1
                Typestring
                Is Modifierfalse
                XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                Summaryfalse
                24. Patient.meta.security:turvakielto.extension
                Definition

                May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                Comments

                There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                Control0..*
                TypeExtension
                Is Modifierfalse
                Summaryfalse
                Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.meta.security.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                • value @ url
                • 26. Patient.meta.security:turvakielto.system
                  Definition

                  The identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code.

                  ShortIdentity of the terminology system
                  Comments

                  The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.

                  Control1..1
                  Typeuri
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol.

                  Pattern Valuehttps://hl7.fi/fhir/finnish-base-profiles/CodeSystem/fi-base-security-label-cs
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  28. Patient.meta.security:turvakielto.version
                  Definition

                  The version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged.

                  ShortVersion of the system - if relevant
                  Comments

                  Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.

                  NoteThis is a business version Id, not a resource version Id (see discussion)
                  Control0..1
                  Typestring
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summarytrue
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  30. Patient.meta.security:turvakielto.code
                  Definition

                  A symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination).

                  ShortSymbol in syntax defined by the system
                  Control0..1
                  Typecode
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Need to refer to a particular code in the system.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  32. Patient.meta.security:turvakielto.display
                  Definition

                  A representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system.

                  ShortRepresentation defined by the system
                  Control0..1
                  Typestring
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  34. Patient.meta.security:turvakielto.userSelected
                  Definition

                  Indicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays).

                  ShortIf this coding was chosen directly by the user
                  Comments

                  Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.

                  Control0..1
                  Typeboolean
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  36. Patient.meta.tag
                  Definition

                  Tags applied to this resource. Tags are intended to be used to identify and relate resources to process and workflow, and applications are not required to consider the tags when interpreting the meaning of a resource.

                  ShortTags applied to this resource
                  Comments

                  The tags can be updated without changing the stated version of the resource. The list of tags is a set. Uniqueness is based the system/code, and version and display are ignored.

                  Control0..*
                  BindingFor example codes, see CommonTags
                  (example to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/common-tags)

                  Codes that represent various types of tags, commonly workflow-related; e.g. "Needs review by Dr. Jones".

                  TypeCoding
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summarytrue
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  38. Patient.implicitRules
                  Definition

                  A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

                  ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
                  Comments

                  Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

                  Control0..1
                  Typeuri
                  Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summarytrue
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  40. Patient.language
                  Definition

                  The base language in which the resource is written.

                  ShortLanguage of the resource content
                  Comments

                  Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute).

                  Control0..1
                  BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from CommonLanguages
                  (preferred to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages)

                  A human language.

                  Additional BindingsPurpose
                  AllLanguagesMax Binding
                  Typecode
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summaryfalse
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  42. Patient.text
                  Definition

                  A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety.

                  ShortText summary of the resource, for human interpretation
                  Comments

                  Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later.

                  Control0..1
                  TypeNarrative
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Alternate Namesnarrative, html, xhtml, display
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  44. Patient.contained
                  Definition

                  These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope.

                  ShortContained, inline Resources
                  Comments

                  This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeResource
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Alternate Namesinline resources, anonymous resources, contained resources
                  46. Patient.extension
                  Definition

                  An Extension

                  ShortExtension
                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                  • value @ url
                  • 48. Patient.extension:municipality
                    Slice Namemunicipality
                    Definition

                    Extension for home municipality. Home municipality is relevant for ex. in billing and listing available healthcare services, and for statistical purposes. It it not necessarily the place where a patient lives, rather closer to where they pay their taxes.

                    ShortThe home municipality of the patient (not necessarily where they live).
                    Control0..1
                    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                    TypeExtension(Municipality Code) (Extension Type: Coding)
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    50. Patient.extension:interpreterRequired
                    Slice NameinterpreterRequired
                    Definition

                    This Patient requires an interpreter to communicate healthcare information to the practitioner.

                    ShortWhether the patient needs an interpreter
                    Comments

                    The Patient does not speak the default language of the organization, and hence requires an interpreter. If the patient has other languages in the Communications list, then that would be the type of interpreter required.

                    Control0..1
                    TypeExtension(Patient Interpreter Required) (Extension Type: boolean)
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    52. Patient.extension:patientProfession
                    Slice NamepatientProfession
                    Definition

                    Extension for presenting patient profession.

                    ShortPatient Profession
                    Control0..1
                    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                    TypeExtension(Patient Profession Extension) (Extension Type: Coding)
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    54. Patient.modifierExtension
                    Definition

                    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                    Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                    ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
                    Comments

                    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                    Control0..*
                    TypeExtension
                    Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
                    Summaryfalse
                    Requirements

                    Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                    Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    56. Patient.identifier
                    Definition

                    When using the official Finnish personal identifier code (PIC, also known as HETU), identifier.system SHALL be urn:oid:1.2.246.21.

                    ShortPIC (aka HETU).
                    NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
                    Control1..*
                    TypeIdentifier
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Must Supporttrue
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    ipa-pat-1: At least one of Patient.identifier.system or Patient.identifier.type or Patient.identifier.assigner SHALL be present (system.exists() or type.exists() or assigner.exists())
                    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                    • value @ use
                    • 58. Patient.identifier.id
                      Definition

                      Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                      ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                      Control0..1
                      Typestring
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                      Summaryfalse
                      60. Patient.identifier.extension
                      Definition

                      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                      ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                      Comments

                      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                      Control0..*
                      TypeExtension
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                      • value @ url
                      • 62. Patient.identifier.use
                        Definition

                        The purpose of this identifier.

                        Shortusual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known)
                        Comments

                        Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary.

                        Control0..1
                        BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from IdentifierUse
                        (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1)

                        Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .

                        Typecode
                        Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary id for a permanent one.
                        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                        Summarytrue
                        Requirements

                        Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers.

                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        64. Patient.identifier.type
                        Definition

                        A coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.

                        ShortDescription of identifier
                        Comments

                        This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type.

                        Control0..1
                        BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Identifier Type Codes
                        (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-type)

                        A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.

                        TypeCodeableConcept
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        Summarytrue
                        Requirements

                        Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known.

                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        66. Patient.identifier.system
                        Definition

                        Establishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique.

                        ShortThe namespace for the identifier value
                        Comments

                        Identifier.system is always case sensitive.

                        Control0..1
                        Typeuri
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                        Summarytrue
                        Requirements

                        There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers.

                        Example<br/><b>General</b>:http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        68. Patient.identifier.value
                        Definition

                        The portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system.

                        ShortThe value that is unique within the system.
                        Comments

                        If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.

                        Control1..1
                        Typestring
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                        Must Supporttrue
                        Summarytrue
                        Example<br/><b>General</b>:123456
                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        70. Patient.identifier.period
                        Definition

                        Time period during which identifier is/was valid for use.

                        ShortTime period when id is/was valid for use
                        Control0..1
                        TypePeriod
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        Summarytrue
                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        72. Patient.identifier.assigner
                        Definition

                        Organization that issued/manages the identifier.

                        ShortOrganization that issued id (may be just text)
                        Comments

                        The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization.

                        Control0..1
                        TypeReference(Organization)
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        Summarytrue
                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        74. Patient.identifier:PIC
                        Slice NamePIC
                        Definition

                        An identifier for this patient.

                        ShortAn identifier for this patient
                        NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
                        Control0..1
                        TypeIdentifier
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        Must Supporttrue
                        Summarytrue
                        Requirements

                        Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        ipa-pat-1: At least one of Patient.identifier.system or Patient.identifier.type or Patient.identifier.assigner SHALL be present (system.exists() or type.exists() or assigner.exists())
                        76. Patient.identifier:PIC.id
                        Definition

                        Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                        ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                        Control0..1
                        Typestring
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                        Summaryfalse
                        78. Patient.identifier:PIC.extension
                        Definition

                        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                        ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                        Comments

                        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                        Control0..*
                        TypeExtension
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        Summaryfalse
                        Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                        SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                        • value @ url
                        • 80. Patient.identifier:PIC.use
                          Definition

                          The purpose of this identifier.

                          Shortusual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known)
                          Comments

                          Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary.

                          Control1..1
                          BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from IdentifierUse
                          (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1)

                          Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .

                          Typecode
                          Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary id for a permanent one.
                          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                          Summarytrue
                          Requirements

                          Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers.

                          Pattern Valueofficial
                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          82. Patient.identifier:PIC.type
                          Definition

                          A coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.

                          ShortDescription of identifier
                          Comments

                          This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type.

                          Control0..1
                          BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Identifier Type Codes
                          (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-type)

                          A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.

                          TypeCodeableConcept
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Summarytrue
                          Requirements

                          Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known.

                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          84. Patient.identifier:PIC.type.id
                          Definition

                          Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                          ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                          Control0..1
                          Typestring
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                          Summaryfalse
                          86. Patient.identifier:PIC.type.extension
                          Definition

                          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                          ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                          Comments

                          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                          Control0..*
                          TypeExtension
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Summaryfalse
                          Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                          SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier.type.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                          • value @ url
                          • 88. Patient.identifier:PIC.type.coding
                            Definition

                            A reference to a code defined by a terminology system.

                            ShortCode defined by a terminology system
                            Comments

                            Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true.

                            Control0..*
                            TypeCoding
                            Is Modifierfalse
                            Summarytrue
                            Requirements

                            Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems.

                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                            90. Patient.identifier:PIC.type.coding.id
                            Definition

                            Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                            ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                            Control0..1
                            Typestring
                            Is Modifierfalse
                            XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                            Summaryfalse
                            92. Patient.identifier:PIC.type.coding.extension
                            Definition

                            May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                            ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                            Comments

                            There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                            Control0..*
                            TypeExtension
                            Is Modifierfalse
                            Summaryfalse
                            Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                            SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier.type.coding.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                            • value @ url
                            • 94. Patient.identifier:PIC.type.coding.system
                              Definition

                              The identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code.

                              ShortIdentity of the terminology system
                              Comments

                              The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.

                              Control0..1
                              Typeuri
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol.

                              Pattern Valuehttp://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v2-0203
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              96. Patient.identifier:PIC.type.coding.version
                              Definition

                              The version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged.

                              ShortVersion of the system - if relevant
                              Comments

                              Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.

                              NoteThis is a business version Id, not a resource version Id (see discussion)
                              Control0..1
                              Typestring
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                              Summarytrue
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              98. Patient.identifier:PIC.type.coding.code
                              Definition

                              A symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination).

                              ShortSymbol in syntax defined by the system
                              Control0..1
                              Typecode
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              Need to refer to a particular code in the system.

                              Pattern ValueNNFIN
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              100. Patient.identifier:PIC.type.coding.display
                              Definition

                              A representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system.

                              ShortRepresentation defined by the system
                              Control0..1
                              Typestring
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              102. Patient.identifier:PIC.type.coding.userSelected
                              Definition

                              Indicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays).

                              ShortIf this coding was chosen directly by the user
                              Comments

                              Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.

                              Control0..1
                              Typeboolean
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              104. Patient.identifier:PIC.type.text
                              Definition

                              A human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user.

                              ShortPlain text representation of the concept
                              Comments

                              Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings.

                              Control0..1
                              Typestring
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              106. Patient.identifier:PIC.system
                              Definition

                              Establishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique.

                              ShortThe namespace for the identifier value
                              Comments

                              Identifier.system is always case sensitive.

                              Control0..1
                              Typeuri
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers.

                              Pattern Valueurn:oid:1.2.246.21
                              Example<br/><b>General</b>:http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              108. Patient.identifier:PIC.value
                              Definition

                              The portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system.

                              ShortThe value that is unique within the system.
                              Comments

                              If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.

                              Control1..1
                              Typestring
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                              Must Supporttrue
                              Summarytrue
                              Example<br/><b>General</b>:123456
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              110. Patient.identifier:PIC.period
                              Definition

                              Time period during which identifier is/was valid for use.

                              ShortTime period when id is/was valid for use
                              Control0..1
                              TypePeriod
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summarytrue
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              112. Patient.identifier:PIC.assigner
                              Definition

                              Organization that issued/manages the identifier.

                              ShortOrganization that issued id (may be just text)
                              Comments

                              The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization.

                              Control0..1
                              TypeReference(Organization)
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summarytrue
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              114. Patient.active
                              Definition

                              Whether this patient record is in active use. Many systems use this property to mark as non-current patients, such as those that have not been seen for a period of time based on an organization's business rules.

                              It is often used to filter patient lists to exclude inactive patients

                              Deceased patients may also be marked as inactive for the same reasons, but may be active for some time after death.

                              ShortWhether this patient's record is in active use
                              Comments

                              If a record is inactive, and linked to an active record, then future patient/record updates should occur on the other patient.

                              Control0..1
                              Typeboolean
                              Is Modifiertrue because This element is labelled as a modifier because it is a status element that can indicate that a record should not be treated as valid
                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                              Must Supporttrue
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              Need to be able to mark a patient record as not to be used because it was created in error.

                              Meaning if MissingThis resource is generally assumed to be active if no value is provided for the active element
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              ipa-pat-4: If Patient.link is present, then Patient.active SHALL be present (link.exists() implies active.exists())
                              116. Patient.name
                              Definition

                              A name associated with the individual.

                              ShortA name associated with the patient
                              Comments

                              A patient may have multiple names with different uses or applicable periods. For animals, the name is a "HumanName" in the sense that is assigned and used by humans and has the same patterns.

                              Control0..*
                              TypeHumanName
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Must Supporttrue
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              ipa-pat-2: Either Patient.name.given and/or Patient.name.family and/or Patient.name.text SHALL be present or a Data Absent Reason Extension SHALL be present. ((family.exists() or given.exists() or text.exists()) xor extension.where(url='http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').exists())
                              ipa-pat-3: To be usable for a wide range of internationally available applications, the Patient.name.text SHOULD be present. (text.exists())
                              118. Patient.telecom
                              Definition

                              A contact detail (e.g. a telephone number or an email address) by which the individual may be contacted.

                              ShortA contact detail for the individual
                              Comments

                              A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

                              Control0..*
                              TypeContactPoint
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              120. Patient.gender
                              Definition

                              Administrative Gender - the gender that the patient is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

                              Shortmale | female | other | unknown
                              Comments

                              The gender might not match the biological sex as determined by genetics or the individual's preferred identification. Note that for both humans and particularly animals, there are other legitimate possibilities than male and female, though the vast majority of systems and contexts only support male and female. Systems providing decision support or enforcing business rules should ideally do this on the basis of Observations dealing with the specific sex or gender aspect of interest (anatomical, chromosomal, social, etc.) However, because these observations are infrequently recorded, defaulting to the administrative gender is common practice. Where such defaulting occurs, rule enforcement should allow for the variation between administrative and biological, chromosomal and other gender aspects. For example, an alert about a hysterectomy on a male should be handled as a warning or overridable error, not a "hard" error. See the Patient Gender and Sex section for additional information about communicating patient gender and sex.

                              Control0..1
                              BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGender
                              (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1)

                              The gender of a person used for administrative purposes.

                              Typecode
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                              Must Supporttrue
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              Needed for identification of the individual, in combination with (at least) name and birth date.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              122. Patient.birthDate
                              Definition

                              The date of birth for the individual.

                              ShortThe date of birth for the individual
                              Comments

                              At least an estimated year should be provided as a guess if the real DOB is unknown There is a standard extension "patient-birthTime" available that should be used where Time is required (such as in maternity/infant care systems).

                              Control0..1
                              Typedate
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                              Must Supporttrue
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              Age of the individual drives many clinical processes.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              LOINC Code21112-8
                              124. Patient.deceased[x]
                              Definition

                              Indicates if the individual is deceased or not.

                              ShortIndicates if the individual is deceased or not
                              Comments

                              If there's no value in the instance, it means there is no statement on whether or not the individual is deceased. Most systems will interpret the absence of a value as a sign of the person being alive.

                              Control0..1
                              TypeChoice of: boolean, dateTime
                              [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                              Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because once a patient is marked as deceased, the actions that are appropriate to perform on the patient may be significantly different.
                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              The fact that a patient is deceased influences the clinical process. Also, in human communication and relation management it is necessary to know whether the person is alive.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              126. Patient.address
                              Definition

                              An address for the individual.

                              ShortAn address for the individual
                              Comments

                              Patient may have multiple addresses with different uses or applicable periods.

                              Control0..*
                              TypeAddress
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              May need to keep track of patient addresses for contacting, billing or reporting requirements and also to help with identification.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              128. Patient.maritalStatus
                              Definition

                              This field contains a patient's most recent marital (civil) status.

                              ShortMarital (civil) status of a patient
                              Control0..1
                              BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Marital Status Codes
                              (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/marital-status)

                              The domestic partnership status of a person.

                              TypeCodeableConcept
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summaryfalse
                              Requirements

                              Most, if not all systems capture it.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              130. Patient.multipleBirth[x]
                              Definition

                              Indicates whether the patient is part of a multiple (boolean) or indicates the actual birth order (integer).

                              ShortWhether patient is part of a multiple birth
                              Comments

                              Where the valueInteger is provided, the number is the birth number in the sequence. E.g. The middle birth in triplets would be valueInteger=2 and the third born would have valueInteger=3 If a boolean value was provided for this triplets example, then all 3 patient records would have valueBoolean=true (the ordering is not indicated).

                              Control0..1
                              TypeChoice of: boolean, integer
                              [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                              Summaryfalse
                              Requirements

                              For disambiguation of multiple-birth children, especially relevant where the care provider doesn't meet the patient, such as labs.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              132. Patient.photo
                              Definition

                              Image of the patient.

                              ShortImage of the patient
                              Comments

                              Guidelines:

                              • Use id photos, not clinical photos.
                              • Limit dimensions to thumbnail.
                              • Keep byte count low to ease resource updates.
                              Control0..*
                              TypeAttachment
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summaryfalse
                              Requirements

                              Many EHR systems have the capability to capture an image of the patient. Fits with newer social media usage too.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              134. Patient.contact
                              Definition

                              A contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient.

                              ShortA contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient
                              Comments

                              Contact covers all kinds of contact parties: family members, business contacts, guardians, caregivers. Not applicable to register pedigree and family ties beyond use of having contact.

                              Control0..*
                              TypeBackboneElement
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summaryfalse
                              Requirements

                              Need to track people you can contact about the patient.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              pat-1: SHALL at least contain a contact's details or a reference to an organization (name.exists() or telecom.exists() or address.exists() or organization.exists())
                              136. Patient.contact.id
                              Definition

                              Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                              ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                              Control0..1
                              Typestring
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                              Summaryfalse
                              138. Patient.contact.extension
                              Definition

                              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                              ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                              Comments

                              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                              Control0..*
                              TypeExtension
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summaryfalse
                              Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                              140. Patient.contact.modifierExtension
                              Definition

                              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                              Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                              ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                              Comments

                              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                              Control0..*
                              TypeExtension
                              Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                              Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                              142. Patient.contact.relationship
                              Definition

                              The nature of the relationship between the patient and the contact person.

                              ShortThe kind of relationship
                              Control0..*
                              BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from PatientContactRelationship
                              (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/patient-contactrelationship)

                              The nature of the relationship between a patient and a contact person for that patient.

                              TypeCodeableConcept
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summaryfalse
                              Requirements

                              Used to determine which contact person is the most relevant to approach, depending on circumstances.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              144. Patient.contact.name
                              Definition

                              A name associated with the contact person.

                              ShortA name associated with the contact person
                              Control0..1
                              TypeHumanName
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summaryfalse
                              Requirements

                              Contact persons need to be identified by name, but it is uncommon to need details about multiple other names for that contact person.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              146. Patient.contact.telecom
                              Definition

                              A contact detail for the person, e.g. a telephone number or an email address.

                              ShortA contact detail for the person
                              Comments

                              Contact may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently, and also to help with identification.

                              Control0..*
                              TypeContactPoint
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summaryfalse
                              Requirements

                              People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              148. Patient.contact.address
                              Definition

                              Address for the contact person.

                              ShortAddress for the contact person
                              Control0..1
                              TypeAddress
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summaryfalse
                              Requirements

                              Need to keep track where the contact person can be contacted per postal mail or visited.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              150. Patient.contact.gender
                              Definition

                              Administrative Gender - the gender that the contact person is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

                              Shortmale | female | other | unknown
                              Control0..1
                              BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGender
                              (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1)

                              The gender of a person used for administrative purposes.

                              Typecode
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                              Summaryfalse
                              Requirements

                              Needed to address the person correctly.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              152. Patient.contact.organization
                              Definition

                              Organization on behalf of which the contact is acting or for which the contact is working.

                              ShortOrganization that is associated with the contact
                              Control0..1
                              This element is affected by the following invariants: pat-1
                              TypeReference(Organization)
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summaryfalse
                              Requirements

                              For guardians or business related contacts, the organization is relevant.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              154. Patient.contact.period
                              Definition

                              The period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient.

                              ShortThe period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient
                              Control0..1
                              TypePeriod
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summaryfalse
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              156. Patient.communication
                              Definition

                              A language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health.

                              ShortA language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
                              Comments

                              If no language is specified, this implies that the default local language is spoken. If you need to convey proficiency for multiple modes, then you need multiple Patient.Communication associations. For animals, language is not a relevant field, and should be absent from the instance. If the Patient does not speak the default local language, then the Interpreter Required Standard can be used to explicitly declare that an interpreter is required.

                              Control0..*
                              TypeBackboneElement
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summaryfalse
                              Requirements

                              If a patient does not speak the local language, interpreters may be required, so languages spoken and proficiency are important things to keep track of both for patient and other persons of interest.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              158. Patient.communication.id
                              Definition

                              Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                              ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                              Control0..1
                              Typestring
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                              Summaryfalse
                              160. Patient.communication.extension
                              Definition

                              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                              ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                              Comments

                              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                              Control0..*
                              TypeExtension
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summaryfalse
                              Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                              162. Patient.communication.modifierExtension
                              Definition

                              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                              Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                              ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                              Comments

                              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                              Control0..*
                              TypeExtension
                              Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                              Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                              164. Patient.communication.language
                              Definition

                              The ISO-639-1 alpha 2 code in lower case for the language, optionally followed by a hyphen and the ISO-3166-1 alpha 2 code for the region in upper case; e.g. "en" for English, or "en-US" for American English versus "en-EN" for England English.

                              ShortThe language which can be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
                              Comments

                              The structure aa-BB with this exact casing is one the most widely used notations for locale. However not all systems actually code this but instead have it as free text. Hence CodeableConcept instead of code as the data type.

                              Control1..1
                              BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from CommonLanguages
                              (preferred to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages)

                              A human language.

                              Additional BindingsPurpose
                              AllLanguagesMax Binding
                              TypeCodeableConcept
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summaryfalse
                              Requirements

                              Most systems in multilingual countries will want to convey language. Not all systems actually need the regional dialect.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              166. Patient.communication.preferred
                              Definition

                              Indicates whether or not the patient prefers this language (over other languages he masters up a certain level).

                              ShortLanguage preference indicator
                              Comments

                              This language is specifically identified for communicating healthcare information.

                              Control0..1
                              Typeboolean
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                              Summaryfalse
                              Requirements

                              People that master multiple languages up to certain level may prefer one or more, i.e. feel more confident in communicating in a particular language making other languages sort of a fall back method.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              168. Patient.generalPractitioner
                              Definition

                              Patient's nominated care provider.

                              ShortPatient's nominated primary care provider
                              Comments

                              This may be the primary care provider (in a GP context), or it may be a patient nominated care manager in a community/disability setting, or even organization that will provide people to perform the care provider roles. It is not to be used to record Care Teams, these should be in a CareTeam resource that may be linked to the CarePlan or EpisodeOfCare resources. Multiple GPs may be recorded against the patient for various reasons, such as a student that has his home GP listed along with the GP at university during the school semesters, or a "fly-in/fly-out" worker that has the onsite GP also included with his home GP to remain aware of medical issues.

                              Jurisdictions may decide that they can profile this down to 1 if desired, or 1 per type.

                              Control0..*
                              TypeReference(FI Base Organization, FI Base Practitioner, FI Base PractitionerRole)
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summaryfalse
                              Alternate NamescareProvider
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              170. Patient.managingOrganization
                              Definition

                              Organization that is the custodian of the patient record.

                              ShortOrganization that is the custodian of the patient record
                              Comments

                              There is only one managing organization for a specific patient record. Other organizations will have their own Patient record, and may use the Link property to join the records together (or a Person resource which can include confidence ratings for the association).

                              Control0..1
                              TypeReference(FI Base Organization)
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              Need to know who recognizes this patient record, manages and updates it.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              172. Patient.link
                              Definition

                              Link to another patient resource that concerns the same actual patient.

                              ShortLink to another patient resource that concerns the same actual person
                              Comments

                              There is no assumption that linked patient records have mutual links.

                              Control0..*
                              This element is affected by the following invariants: ipa-pat-4
                              TypeBackboneElement
                              Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because it might not be the main Patient resource, and the referenced patient should be used instead of this Patient record. This is when the link.type value is 'replaced-by'
                              Must Supporttrue
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              There are multiple use cases:

                              • Duplicate patient records due to the clerical errors associated with the difficulties of identifying humans consistently, and
                              • Distribution of patient information across multiple servers.
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              174. Patient.link.id
                              Definition

                              Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                              ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                              Control0..1
                              Typestring
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                              Summaryfalse
                              176. Patient.link.extension
                              Definition

                              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                              ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                              Comments

                              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                              Control0..*
                              TypeExtension
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summaryfalse
                              Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                              178. Patient.link.modifierExtension
                              Definition

                              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                              Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                              ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                              Comments

                              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                              Control0..*
                              TypeExtension
                              Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                              Summarytrue
                              Requirements

                              Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                              Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                              180. Patient.link.other
                              Definition

                              The other patient resource that the link refers to.

                              ShortThe other patient or related person resource that the link refers to
                              Comments

                              Referencing a RelatedPerson here removes the need to use a Person record to associate a Patient and RelatedPerson as the same individual.

                              Control1..1
                              TypeReference(FI Base Patient, RelatedPerson)
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summarytrue
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              182. Patient.link.type
                              Definition

                              The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

                              Shortreplaced-by | replaces | refer | seealso
                              Control1..1
                              BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from LinkType
                              (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|4.0.1)

                              The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

                              Typecode
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                              Summarytrue
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))